梨树县农业生态环境的分析与建议

生态保护的重点是保护自然资源及由其组成的各类生态系统,预防环境污染和生态破坏,改善和恢复生态系统的环境功能,维护生态平衡。我县工业发展迅速,生态环境面临的压力不断加大,为改善其生态环境现状及存在问题,提出对策与建议,以实现全县经济社会的可持续发展。     

氧化沟工艺污水处理厂的调试运行

以安徽某县污水处理厂的改良氧化沟工艺调试为例,采用自然培菌和间歇培养相接合的方式进行调试,结果表明方法可行。在进水COD100mg/L时,MLSS在1500mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N均可取得较好的处理效果。同时对调试过程中的各环节如人员培训、带负荷试车、污泥培养等进行了详细阐述,并确定了各工艺段的控制参数。     

苏里格气田气井现状及钻井泥浆的成分、危害

随着苏里格气田天然气探明储量的增加,气田的开发力度逐渐加大,气田开发带给当地的生态环境问题也在凸显。本文介绍了苏里格气田的现状及钻井泥浆的成分及危害,为减少环境危害提供理论依据。     

2011年1-7月国内外石油与化工事故分析

基于2011年1-7月国内外石油与化工事故,从事故发生时间、经营类型和事故类型等方面进行了分析,并分析了重大自然灾害的影响。结果表明：7月是事故高发的月份,化工生产事故最多,泄漏是主要的事故类型;日本地震等重大自然灾害对石油与化工行业产生很大的影响。从推进中小化工企业的安全标准化工作、加强储存运输的安全运营保障、提高企业应对自然灾害的能力等方面提出了建议,以预防或减少事故发生。     

环境伦理学目的性理论的内在矛盾

环境伦理学的目的性理论有其内在的矛盾。一是它没能说清自然的整体目的与个体目的之间的关系,它们是从属的关系,还是各自独立的关系?二是它在坚持自然目的性的时侯,忽略了人的精神目的性。当它去解释自然事件时,用的是前一种关系,而当它去解释人类的精神事件时,又用了后一种关系.在这个地方,罗尔斯顿的理论陷入了二元论。     

Groundwater contamination and natural attenuation capacity at a petroleum spilled facility in Korea

As a remedial option, the natural attenuation capacity of a petroleum contaminated groundwater at a military facility was examined. Hydrogeological conditions, such as high water level, permeable uppermost layer and frequent heavy rainfall, were favorable to natural attenuation at this site. The changes in the concentrations of electron acceptors and donors, as well as the relevant hydrochemical conditions, indicated the occurrence of aerobic respiration, denitrification, iron reduction, manganese reduction and sulfate reduction. The calculated BTEX expressed biodegradation capacity ranged between 20.52 and 33.67 mg/L, which appeared effective for the reduction of the contaminants levels. The contribution of each electron accepting process to the total biodegradation was in the order: denitrification > iron reduction > sulfate reduction > aerobic respiration > manganese reduction. The BTEX and benzene point attenuation rates were 0.0058-0.0064 and 0.0005-0.0032 day^-1, respectively, and the remediation time was 0.7-1.2 and 2.5-30 years, respectively. The BTEX and benzene bulk attenuation rates were 8.69 × 10^-4 and 1.05 × 10^-3 day^-1, respectively, and the remediation times for BTEX and benzene were 7.2 and 17.5 years, respectively. However, most of the natural attenuation occurring in this site can be attributed to dilution and dispersion. Consequently, the biodegradation and natural attenuation capacities were good enough to lower the contaminants levels, but their rates appeared to be insufficient to reach the remediation goal within a reasonable time frame. Therefore, some active remedial measures would be required.     

CTMAB增强调控沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的作用

研究了经十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS]、曲拉通(TX-100)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性前后的沉积物(生物膜)吸附双酚A(BPA)的能力,并分析了CTMAB在沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA过程中的增强机理及表面吸附和分配作用在总吸附中的贡献.研究结果表明,三种表面活性剂对沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的促进作用大小...     

The social impact of natural hazards: a multi‐level analysis of disasters and forms of trust in mainland China

This study aimed to assess the multi‐level effects of natural hazards on trust in Chinese society. Drawing on the Chinese General Social Survey conducted in 2012 and provincial disaster damage records, it examined the association between individuals’ past experiences of disasters and province‐level damage (measured by the number of affected people, deaths, and economic loss) and various forms of trust: in‐group; out‐group; generalised; and political. The findings indicate that Chinese individuals with experience of disasters have higher levels of out‐group trust but lower levels of political trust. Similarly, at the province level, damage owing to disasters over the past three years (2009–11) positively impacted on residents’ out‐group trust while negatively affecting their political trust. However, when provincial damage was aggregated for disasters over the past five years (2007–11), which included the devastating Sichuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, only total deaths had a positive effect on generalised trust.     

沸石的活化及其对水中氨氮的吸附

对天然沸石进行了盐活化、盐加酸活化、盐加碱活化、热活化和热活化后加盐二次活化的处理,分别考察了活化后沸石对氨氮的吸附性能,并进行了等温吸附、解吸试验以及对经SBR-氧化处理后焦化废水的吸附试验.结果表明,沸石在100℃下经0.3 mol·L-1NaCl活化后,对氨氮的吸附效果最佳;当活化沸石投加量为10 g·L-1、接触时间为40 min时,氨氮去除率可达88.08%,比未活化条件下的47.35%提高了40.73%.沸石投加量、废水的pH和接触时间对活化沸石吸附氨氮都存在一定的影响.活化沸石对氨氯废水的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程拟合.吸附氨氮后的沸石经1.5 mol·L-1的NaCl溶液再生4 h,解吸率可达到89.30%.活化沸石用于经SBR-氯化处理后焦化废水的吸附试验,当活化沸石投加量为120 g·L-1时,其氨氮可从219.18 mg·L-1降到4.8 mg·L-1去除率达到97.81%;活化沸石吸附焦化废水的吸附等温线可用Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程来描述.     

介质筛护岸的水质净化功能与机理

以桂林桃花江介质筛护岸工程为依托,对介质筛护岸的水质净化功能进行了试验研究.结果表明,介质筛护岸两侧水位波动促进了生物地球化学反应的发生.介质筛护岸对COD、NH 4-N和TN的平均去除率分别为76.5%、95%和81%.介质层内的COD浓度逐层降低,在距离岸边2.5 m左右的沸石强化层中,其浓度接近5 mg·L-1;在介质筛的第5、6层内NH 4-N的浓度基本稳定在0.3 mg·L-1.沸石层对NH 4-N吸附的有效厚度为10 cm,能够满足水质净化的目的.